ABSTRACT Over the last decade there has been widespread interest in a new area in polymer science known as conducting polymers, materials having considerable electrical conductivity. A wide range of potential applications conducting polymers is being explored including electrochemical capacitors, electrochemical devices, rechargeable batteries, sensors, catalysts and anti-corrosion agents, as well as utilization in electromatography. One of the unique aspects for conducting polymers is controlled-release devices, as well as biologically active ions and drugs such as adenosine 5-triphosphate, heparin, dexamethasone phosphate, glutamate, dopamine, and sulfosalicylic acid as a model of sulfonic drugs. We have recently reported the electrochemically stimulated release of sulfosalicylic acid as a model of sulfonic drugs from conducting polymer bilayer films. And also the electrochemically stimulated release of 2-ethylhexyl phosphate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DMP) from modified electrods containing polypyrrole-2-ethylhexyl (PP-EHP)or PP-DMP single layer and PP-EHP/PNMP-PSS (poly N-methylpyrrole-polystyrene sulfonate) or self-doped polyaniline sulfonate (SPANI) bilayers was reported. The presence of outer film allowed surface-property modification, as well as the control of the rate and amount of ionic species. Repeatedly EHP or DMP was reincorporated into the inner film, by applying an anodic potential, and then released. The results show that the outer film can act as a barrier to ion and solvent transport between the inner film and the electrolyte which provided a more balanced counter-directional movement of the anions. In the review we report the electrochemically stimulated release of these compounds from conducting polymer bilayer films. Also application of conducting polymers in preparation of artificial muscle such as robots, artificial limbs, microbotics, micromachinery, micromachinery, actuator and other biomimetic devices are reviewed.
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