ABSTRACT Unlike the numerous reports in literature on p-doped conjugated polymers, the data on the n-doped ones are relatively few because of the intrinsic difficulties in the n-doping process. The current interest in polymers that reversibly undergo both p- and n-doping lies in their potential application in advanced symmetric electrochemical devices. The present review on n-doped polymers focuses on polythiophene derivatives. The various strategies that have been pursued in designing new materials featuring efficient n- and p-doping processes are highlighted and the main electrochemical characteristics of several n-doped polymers are discussed, with particular emphasis on the performance of those tested in symmetric electrochemical devices. Polydithienothiophenes, which have been extensively investigated for use in supercapacitors and electrochromic devices, are treated in the latter part of the article.
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