Currently, arterial hypertension is quite common in young people, which needs long-term and controlled pharmacological correction. The study was conducted on 54 young people (36 ± 6 years). Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelin 1 (ET-1) were determined before and after standard therapy for hypertension for 17 ± 5 days (including hypotensive drugs, blockers of calcium channels and β-adrenoceptors, disaggregants, venotonic and vasoactive drugs at effective dosage). It was found that young patients with arterial hypertension have high levels of systolic BP/diastolic BP (151.8 ± 10.3/90.9 ± 8.7 mm Hg), which are accompanied by an 8-9-fold increase in VEGF concentration and a 2-fold increase of ET-1. Standard therapy allowed to reduce and normalize blood pressure parameters and biomarkers (pro-inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction) in these patients. The paper considers the endothelial and inflammatory components associated with the development of hypertension complicated by dyscirculatory encephalopathy, as well as gender specificity in young patients. The mechanisms of action of a set of pharmacological agents in young patients with arterial hypertension, which influenced the dynamics of the studied blood serum biomarkers, are discussed.