Order-disorder phenomena, petrogenetic systematic, paleodosimetry, dating, and geothermometric properties of minerals are described on examples of two important rockforming minerals and one accessor mineral investigated by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). In feldspar with different petrogenesis and Al,Si order, the effective local symmetry of the Fe³⁺ at Tl(0) positions in the structure is discussed. The line width of the Fe³⁺ signal can be linerarly correlated with the degree of Al,Si order in the local environment of the Fe³⁺ site. In feldspar with large M cations the effective local symmetry is quasi-orthorhombic, whereas in feldspar with small M cations it is nearly axial. O^1-paramagnetic centers, i.e. Al-O^1--Al bridges, allow a direct observation of Al migration over the four distinct tetrahedral positions. Independent on the long-range order of the feldspar crystal, Al-O^1--Al bridges can be formed only in quasi-ordered domaines with similar degree of Al,Si order. The frequence of this center is limited and in both ordered and disordered feldspar approximately the same. Lattice stabilized NO₂, CH₃, and C₂H₅ free radicals at M positions in pegmatitic and metamorphic feldspar of different order were described. In amazonite type microcline of different localities and color, [Pb_A-Pb_B]³⁺ dimeric centers were detected, causing the color. Activation energies of the Pb diffusion over the M sites in the structure during the process of decolorization of the crystal by heating were calculated. The relationship between formation of Pb pairs in the structure and genesis of amazonite were discussed. A new systematic and notation of paramagnetic centers in feldspar is presented. In quartz from vertical and lateral geological profiles, mainly (AlO₄]⁰ [TiO₄]^- and [TiO₄/M⁺]⁰₂ centers at regular Si position were studied. Petrogenetical differences of all investigated samples are significantly expressed by distinct interstitial impurities M, acting as compensators. In metamorphic quartz M⁺ = H, in granitic and pegmatitic samples M⁺ = Li. [AIO₄]⁰ centers of different concentration were detected in all samples. Using quasi in situ measurements of samples from the vertical profile of the Continental Deep Drilling Project of Germany, a fading gradient for (AIO₄]⁰ centers was determined, which corresponds to the petrological P-T-t path. Taking into account the fading rate, realistic paleodoses and cooling ages for a closure temperature of 45°C were estimated. For the [TiO₄/H⁺]⁰₂ center this temperature was found to be about 65°C in paragneiss and 50°C in metabasite. From the depth dependence of the cooling ages, the history of uplift and cooling may be derived. Postulating a constant fading gradient, the uplift rate relative to the earth`s surface can be determined. During the last 51 Ma, an average uplift rate of about 40 m/Ma was estimated, but for discrete short times extreme values between 0.5 and 1300 m/Ma were distinguished. The [AlO₄ ]⁰ center concentration measured by EPR is a direct atomistic scale for the content of Al ions substitutional for Si. In contrast to conventional analytical methods, only Al at regular Si positions, but not the total Al content including Al at interstitial positions, foreign phases etc., can be measured by the EPR technique. Using the Al content determined by EPR, it was tried to estimate the temperature of formation of quartz from metamorphic and granitic origin. In topaz crystals of different colorization from 23 important localities, paramagnetic d and p ions were studied. An EPR crystal chemical classification of topaz depending on petrogenetical differences was elaborated In OH-rich d-topaz d ions as Ti³⁺, vo²⁺, Cr³⁺ and Mn²⁺, in OH-poor p-topaz only paramagnetic complexes of p ions as AIO₄^4-, SiO₄^3-, SiO₃^3-, PO₄^4-, and P0₃^2- can be detected. However, Fe³⁺ is present in both types of topaz. On the basis of correlated optical absorption, thermoluminescence, and EPR measurements a model for the kinetic of formation and destroying of color centers in topaz is presented, p- and d-topaz show distinct physical properties as optical axial angle refractive indices, lattice parameters, and color which are typical for each topaz type and locality. It seems, that P-topaz is of pegmatitic-pneumatolitic and d-topaz of hydrothermal origin.