Nanomedicine is one of the booming branches of life sciences that potentially offers a new approach to solving persistent medical problems. This review sheds some light on the importance of nanomedicine in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases along with their prevention for improved human health. Furthermore the contribution of nanomedicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cardiovascular diseases as the most serious common illness related to sedentary life is discussed. The current review further explores the nanocarrier delivery approaches to handle autoimmune diseases. The virtue of nano-based induced hyperthermia, the anti-heat shock protein nano-carriers, and the recent role of nanotechnology as a novel avenue to battle mycotic toxicities are also discussed as novel non-invasive approaches to cancer treatment.