We have synthesized novel liquid crystalline conducting polymers by introducing liquid crystalline groups into acetylene monomers and polymerizing them with Ziegler-Natta [Fe(acac)₃ - AlEt₃], metathesis [MoCI₅ - Ph₄Sn], and rhodium-based {[Rh(NBD)Cl]₂ - Net₃} catalysts. All polymers prepared exhibited a solubility in organic solvents and a smectic liquid crystallinity characterized with fan-shaped texture in polarizing optical microscopy. Phase transitions and the corresponding enthalpy changes were also evaluated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Macroscopic alignments of the polymers were performed in the liquid crystalline phase by shear-stress or magnetic force field of 0.7~1.0 Tesla, which resulted in an enhancement by two orders in electrical conductivity of iodine-doped cast films. High order structures of the side chain liquid crystalline (LC) polyacetylene derivatives were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. XRD measurements elucidated that all of the polymers showed layered structures in the LC states to give smectic A phases, which is in agreement with the results from the polarizing optical microscope. We found that the LC side chains are alternatively located at both sides of the polyene chain, giving rise to a stereoregular sequence such as head-head-tail-tail linkage. Magnetically forced alignments and orientational behaviors of the polymers as well as the monomers were investigated through fused-state ¹³C NMR measurements with proton dipolar decoupling. Analysis of chemical shift tensors was also carried out to evaluate an order parameter and a shielding anisotropy in liquid crystalline phase. As a result, we have demonstrated that the liquid crystalline conjugated polymers are uniaxially aligned due to the magnetically forced alignment of the liquid crystalline side-chain, giving rise to a mono-domain structure.