Genotypes and frequencies of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles/haplotypes are diversified depending on ethnicity. The compatibility in genotypes of HLA genes between the donors and the recipients is very important in deciding the success of clinical transplantation therapies. In this study, frequency and distribution of five-locus haplotypes from a set of five HLA genes including HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1, and HLA-DQB1 in 2076 cord blood units of Vietnamese were analysed and compared with those of other cohorts. The results of the study demonstrated that in a total of 1562 five-locus haplotypes, there were only 10 haplotypes with frequencies of over 1% (accounting for 23.0%), 23 haplotypes with frequencies of over 0.5% (accounting for 32.9%), 140 haplotypes with frequencies of over 0.1% (accounting for 56.1%), and the rest 1422 haplotypes with frequencies of below 0.1% (accounting for 43.9%). The highest five-locus haplotype was A*11:01-B*15:02-C*08:01-DRB1*12:02-DQB1* 03:01 (5.9%), followed by A*29:01-B*07:05-C*15:05-DRB1*10:01-DQB1*05:01 (4.0%), and A*02:01-B*46:01-C*01:02-DRB1*09:01-DQB1* 03:03 (3.1%). In addition, result from data mining analysis revealed that there was a very high level of similarity in five-locus haplotype frequencies between Vietnamese in this study and USA NMDP Vietnamese; however, there was a very low similarity in five-locus haplotype frequencies between different populations. This study provided important information about the frequency of five-locus (HLA-A-B-C-DRB1-DQB1) haplotypes in a large-size of cord blood samples of Vietnamese. It also suggests that cord blood/stem cell/tissue/organ transplantations should be only applied within the people in the same cohort.