The Salvia genus of Mexico, Central and South America belong to Salvia, subgenus Calosphace, organised in more than 100 sections. The diterpenoid constitutents of Salvia species are closely related to the subgenus and section to which they belong. More than 80% of the diterpenoids isolated from Salvia species, subgenus Calosphace, have a clerodane skeleton or a new type of skeleton biogenetically related to a clerodanic precursor. From the Mexican Salvia spp. studied seven new diterpenoid skeletons have been found.