Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of mortality among human infectious diseases in the world. It has been known for some time that acquired resistance to Mycobacterium  tuberculosis infection depends on the interaction of antigen-specific αβ T cells and activated macrophages. However, several studies have suggested that γδ T cells may play an important role in the immune response to Mycobacterium  tuberculosis, although  the  results obtained have produced contradictory results and it is not clear whether γδ cells play a protective or pathogenic role.

In this review we summarize the current knowledge of the role γδ cells play in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.