ABSTRACT Two distinct human viruses related to animal circoviruses have recently been discovered, TT virus (TTV) and TTV-like mini virus (TLMV). They have highly heterogeneous single-stranded circular DNA genomes, and both appear to be chronically replicating in a majority of adults. The presence, or concentration, of TTV in blood does correlate with a variety of clinical conditions, yet it is not obvious whether the virus is (partly) responsible for the pathologies, or a benign commensal. Present knowledge of these viruses suggests that they are well adapted to the human host, with limited potential for causing disease. The question then is whether they can be used to benefit mankind. The biology, and possible pathology, of these viruses will be discussed, and two applications suggested: One, as indicators of viral contamination (in food, water and blood products); and two, as vectors in gene therapy or DNA vaccines.
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