ABSTRACT Rice is the main cereal food as well as the staple food for the population of Asian countries. In spite of the presence of assembled information on disease prevention by rice seed, there have been few clear evidences for the potential regarding cancer prevention of the rice seed or rice germ. Our group has proved the chemopreventive effect of rice germ itself in a rat model with azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis and the similar effects of ferulic acid being a phenolic compound well contained in the rice germ, in rat models with 4-nitroquinoline-induced tongue carcinogenesis or azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis. FBRA is a processed food prepared by fermenting brown rice and rice bran with Aspergillus Orizae. FBRA is known to have a potent free radical scavenger. Our experimental studies have demonstrated properties of cancer prevention in animal models. FBRA inhibited azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis, diethylnitrosamine and Phenobarbital -induced hepatocarcinogenesis, N-nitrosomethylbenzyl-amine-induced esophageal carcinogensis, N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine -induced gastric carcinogenesis in rats. FBRA also suppressed N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis and 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1 –butanone -induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. In these studies, the preventive effects were mostly evident when FBRA was administered during the post-initiation phase. Furthermore, FBRA suppressed carcinogen- induced hyper-proliferation of cells in the target organs for the carcinogenesis. These evidences suggest that rice constituents like rice germ or ferulic acid, and rice-related agents like FBRA are promising for prevention of human cancers.
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