Microbiology of the gut contents of an edible caterpillar of an emperor moth, Bunaea alcinoe consisted of eight genera of bacteria and two species of yeasts. Gut contents were eviscerated and macerated in a stomacher blender and analyzed microbiologically using standard methods. The gut contents were homogenized and pH determined with an EIL model pH meter. The pH (6.8-7.0) of the gut content is optimum for the growth and proliferation of some enteric and opportunistic bacteria pathogens. Bacteria isolated, particularly, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Vibrio spp are human pathogens associated with toxin production and food borne diseases. Haemophilus influnzae, Enterococcus faecalis and Acinetobacter spp cause various illnesses in man and animals. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Micrococcus luteus are harmless saprophytes of intestine and soil respectively. The yeasts species, Saccharomyces cereviciae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae var ellipsoidues are of no medical importance, except for food spoilage. The high level of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus portends of health risk to consumers of inadequately processed products. The soil and the leaves of the host plants they feed on could be the target source(s) of these intestinal microorganisms.