This study used the epidemiological approach to review the outbreak of HIV and the emergence of HIV-opportunistic infections in children. The risk factors associated with perinatal HIV transmission were discussed. Derived from the UNAIDS statistics, the global HIV data were used to compare the regional differences and severity of HIV infections in children. Sub-Sahara Africa currently experience over 86% of all pediatric HIV infections worldwide. This project revealed the short and long-term implications of deficient anthropometric indices in HIV infected children.  In comparison to their counterparts in technological advanced nations, the Sub Sahara African cohort is by far more adversely affected. Debilitating HIV opportunistic infections were incriminated for developmental delays and the lingering cognitive deficits. Based on the magnitude of this global health problem, the United Nations, United Nations Children Fund, nonprofits agencies, and the educational institutions must direct their attention to this scourge, which wrecks havoc on innocent children and their parents. A logic model was developed to prevent the newborn from perinatal HIV transmission.