ABSTRACT Histology’s nomenclature is revised in order to incorporate the tissue dynamics of stem cells. Commonly, tissues are sorted into two static classes on the basis of the relationship of cells to extracellular material: An epithelial-like class consists of epithelia, muscle, nerve, and germ, and an ameba-like class consists of vascular and connective tissue. Dynamically, epithelia are either proto-epithelia comprising parenchymal cache cells (CCs) or meta-epithelia with parenchymal self-renewing adult stem cells (ASCs), clones of transitional amplifying cells (TACs), and terminally differentiating cells (TDCs). Muscle is either cellular (cardiac and smooth) exhibiting CC-like dynamics or syncytial (skeletal muscle) with differentiated fibers and undifferentiated reserve cells (RCs, aka satellite cells). Nerve contains adult stem-like (AS-like) cells that give rise to terminally differentiated (TD-like) neuroblasts and glioblasts. Female germ tissue in mammals probably contains AS-like cells or RCs and their progeny, while male germ tissue contains both AS-like cells and RCs and their progeny. Vascular tissue contains multipotent AS-like hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny. Connective tissue (CT) consists of fixed and mobile CC-like cells, the latter possibly multipotent and available for recruitment. Adipose tissue has CC-like qualities. Conceivably, tissue dynamics evolved through intra-organism competition of epithelia-like and ameba-like “ur-tissues”.
View Full Article
|