ABSTRACT Thyroid hormone exerts its most important clinical manifestations on the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate, myocardial contractility, cardiac output, and left ventricular mass, while predisposing to supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Small alterations in the delicate balance of thyroid homeostasis can cause profound manifestation on the myocardium. We will review in this article the cellular mechanisms and implication of overt hyperthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and their treatment on the heart and vasculature.
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