Occupational exposure is one of three types of human exposure to several impacts of broad spectra of both organic and inorganic components on human health. Information on the exposure magnitude can be gained both as a result of studying human environment and by using results of monitoring of composition of human biological fluids and exhausted air. Conducting systematic measurements of xenobiotics concentrations or products of metabolic processes in samples of above mentioned materials can be a source of information on the magnitude and kind of exposure. Urine is generally available material, studying of which can constitute valuable source of information on functioning of human organism and effects of its exposure to harmful substances coming from surrounding environment. In the article there is presented review of data concerning application of human urine samples to analytical studies conducted in order to gain information on occupational exposure. The parameters characterizing the most commonly used techniques of xenobiotics isolation and preconcentration (organic compounds and metals) from urine samples and techniques of analytes determination in properly prepared extract samples of human urine.