Organic pesticides are used against agricultural pests in order to improve yields in Western Africa. Pyrethroid (PY), Organophosphates (OP) and Carbamates (CX) are the chemical pesticides mainly used. Unfortunately, these chemicals continue to select new resistant populations of B. tabaci, a polyphagous whitefly. Indirectly, the chemical residues in the breeding sites of disease vectors like An. gambiae select resistant individuals. There is a real interaction between the issues of resistance in the insect pest B. tabaci and in the vector of human disease An. gambiae. To date, B. tabaci and An. gambiae were both resistant to PY and OP. In the perspective of sustainable management, various workers have concentrated their efforts on the search for natural products from plants as well as their potential use, as alternatives to conventional insecticides. Although the resistance to insecticides is well documented, little is known about the effectiveness of biopesticides (e.g. essential oil extracts) against the populations of B. tabaci and An. gambiae. The use of essential oil extracts in agricultural fields and in breeding sites may lead to an improvement of the living conditions and the reduction of poverty in our households. In this paper, we have reviewed the research in the cases of insecticides resistance in West Africa and the potential uses of biopesticides against agricultural pests and disease-borne vectors.