The causal agent of cervical cancer is attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV). Therefore, a focus on intervention and prevention of HPV is logical to reduce cervical cancer inci­dence and mortality. In this review, the function and structure of the HPV pro­teins (L1, L2, E1, E2, E4, E6, and E7) are dis­cussed along with their antigenic regions. The cap­sid protein, L1 forms virus-like particles used to create a prophylactic vaccine. The structure of the early viral proteins E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7, can inform possible targets for therapeutic vaccines. Further research needs to be explored on possible immunogenic regions. In addition, there must be continued investigation into which prophylactic and therapeutic interventions will be the most ef­fective to implement clinically worldwide.